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Монакультура




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Монакультура (ад лац.: mono — адзіны і лац.: cultura — вырошчванне, развіццё) — спосаб раслінаводства, пры якім на адным участку пастаянна і бесперапынна вырошчваецца адна і тая ж культура без выканання севазвароту. Монакультура стварае пастаянную аднастайную нагрузку на грунты, з-за чаго яны аднабакова высільваюцца, напрыклад, працяглае вырошчванне збожжавых на адной і той жа плошчы збядняе глебу пераважна фосфарам, буракоў, бульбы — каліем, бабоў — фосфарам і кальцыем. Таксама монакультура прыводзіць да памяншэння ўтрымання гумусу, спрыяе эрозіі і г.д.. Следствам монакультуры з'яўляецца значнае, да 2 разоў, змяншэнне ўраджайнасці. Паляпшэнне апрацоўкі зямлі праз унясенне ўгнаенняў не можа цалкам кампенсаваць негатыўны ўплыў монакультуры. Акрамя таго, пастаяннае існаванне на адной і той жа вобласці пасеву пэўнай расліны спрыяе размнажэнню і ўкараненню ў гэтай мясцовасці характэрных для дадзенай культуры хвароб, паразітаў, насякомых-шкоднікаў, грызуноў і г.д.. Монакультура з'яўляецца прыметай прымітыўнай агратэхнікі і недаразвітасці сельскай гаспадаркі. У сувязі з інтэнсіфікацыяй земляробства ад монакультуры сучасныя гаспадаркі адмовіліся на карысць севазвароту.



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  • Сельское хозяйство : большой энцикл. слов. – М., 1998



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